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一叶成“业”,探寻古茶树之乡的“致富经”

2023-04-19 13:55
  
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新华社贵阳4月19日电 题:一叶成“业”,探寻古茶树之乡的“致富经”

  新华社记者李凡、骆飞

  清明时节,贵州省毕节市七星关区亮岩镇太极村绿意浓浓。每天一大早,60岁的茶农刘启贵便和家人背着背篓从家里出发,走进自家茶园内采摘茶青。

  “最近气温升高,我们一般会用湿布遮盖在茶叶上,防止水分蒸发影响茶青品质。”直到黄昏,刘启贵一家4个人才结束采茶,又急忙将茶青送到村里的收购站,一天最多能赚800元左右。刘启贵说,他家有20亩茶园,一年采茶收入约4万元。

  太极村位于乌蒙山腹地,海拔在800米至1300米左右,气候温和,是七星关区古茶树资源最为集中的区域,树龄上百年的古茶树村子里就有上万株。太极村种茶、饮茶历史悠久,当地有“进门一杯茶,出门一杯茶”的饮茶习俗,这里产的茶有“太极古茶”之称。

  在早些年,由于管理粗放、技术有限,“太极古茶”销售一度受阻。“外来茶商来收购的数量不多,村民辛苦采摘的茶青卖不出去,有的制成干茶拿到集市上,也就卖十来元一斤。”太极村党支部书记张磊说,一些村民积极性受挫,认为“种茶不能当饭吃”,有的索性把古茶树砍来烧柴。

  2015年,太极村开始转变发展思路,探索“生态+产业”的道路。太极村邀请多名返乡创业青年,成立专业合作社,带领周围多个村寨抱团发展,管护古茶树、发展茶产业。


1129539736_16819112462471n.jpg

贵州毕节七星关区亮岩镇太极村建设现代茶叶加工厂以扩大产能。新华社记者李凡 摄


  返乡创业青年谢涛是当地茶产业发展的带头人之一。谢涛说,创业团队一方面以每棵800元的价格买下周围村庄2万余棵古茶树的经营权,通过流转土地、吸纳务工人员、统一收购等方式带动村民提高种茶积极性;另一方面还成立毕节七星太极古树茶开发(集团)有限责任公司,建设集生产、加工、销售、科研于一体的茶叶加工厂,带动当地古树茶产业扩产增量。

  为持续做大做强当地古树茶产业,在粤黔东西部协作政策的支持下,广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所、广东省茶叶收藏与鉴赏协会等对贵州毕节七星关区古茶树资源开发利用提供了新品种选育、加工技术提升等智力支持。

  广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所茶树资源与育种研究室主任吴华玲介绍,其团队通过开展古茶树资源鉴评与新品种选育工作,对相应单株古茶树进行了红茶适制性试验和品质鉴定,从中筛选优异的古茶树单株进行新品种培育;并开办技术培训班,帮助茶企茶农改进和提升加工工艺。此外,为把控古树茶产品品质,在这个“智囊团”的建议下,谢涛的茶叶公司去年投入约50万元购买茶叶色选机,凭借颜色、大小等对干茶进行精细分筛,进一步提升茶叶品质把控水平。

  谢涛介绍,现在公司年产干茶约17吨,实现年产值在1000万元以上,产业辐射周边4个乡镇13个行政村,带动2万余人就业,其中采茶大户1000余人,户均年增收5000元以上。“今年准备扩建2层厂房,新建茶叶加工车间。”谢涛说。


1129539736_16819112298911n.jpg

贵州毕节七星关区燕子口镇阳光村的一棵古茶树得到了挂牌保护。 新华社记者李凡 摄


  为保护当地古茶树资源,2017年起,七星关区对当地古茶树资源(包括树龄、种群、生物学习性、生长环境等内容)进行系统性普查登记,对古茶树实行挂牌保护、认领保护等措施。太极村和周围村寨的7万余株古茶树陆续纳入登记。

  太极村村民穆康宇说,他家共有7亩左右的古茶树,其中许多都已挂牌。“不打农药、不施化肥,更不会砍伐,守好这片古茶树林,也就守好了我们的‘金饭碗’。”穆康宇说。


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FreeMarker template error (DEBUG mode; use RETHROW in production!): Template inclusion failed (for parameter value "inc_js_body.html"): Template not found for name "1/zqweb/inc_js_body.html". The name was interpreted by this TemplateLoader: MultiTemplateLoader(loader1 = com.jspxcms.common.freemarker.AdapterTemplateLoader@4177d074, loader2 = ClassTemplateLoader(resourceLoaderClass=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer, basePackagePath="" /* relatively to resourceLoaderClass pkg */)). ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: #include "inc_js_body.html" [in template "1/zqweb/info_news.html" at line 64, column 1] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core._MiscTemplateException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:164) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:330) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:336) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:309) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:384) at com.jspxcms.common.file.LocalFileHandler.storeFile(LocalFileHandler.java:147) at com.jspxcms.core.html.PInfo.doMakeHtml(PInfo.java:101) at com.jspxcms.core.html.PInfo.makeHtml(PInfo.java:47) at com.jspxcms.core.html.HtmlServiceImpl.makeInfo(HtmlServiceImpl.java:50) at com.jspxcms.core.html.HtmlServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$ca793f53.invoke() at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204) at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:736) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:282) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:671) at com.jspxcms.core.html.HtmlServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$84c9d0f2.makeInfo() at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl.updateHtml(InfoServiceImpl.java:829) at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl.updateHtml(InfoServiceImpl.java:751) at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl.update(InfoServiceImpl.java:359) at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$3b2ee07e.invoke() at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204) at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:736) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:282) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:671) at com.jspxcms.core.service.impl.InfoServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$8c174753.update() at com.jspxcms.core.web.back.InfoController.update(InfoController.java:530) at com.jspxcms.core.web.back.InfoController$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$6206d7eb.invoke() at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204) at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:736) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157) at org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor$1.proceed(AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:82) at org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.AuthorizingMethodInterceptor.invoke(AuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:39) at org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.invoke(AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:115) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:671) at com.jspxcms.core.web.back.InfoController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$addb333a.update() at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1272.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:205) at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:133) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:97) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:849) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:760) at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:967) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:901) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:872) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:647) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:728) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:112) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66) at com.jspxcms.core.support.BackSiteFilter.doFilter(BackSiteFilter.java:50) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:449) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83) at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:383) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362) at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125) at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:347) at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:263) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter.doFilterInternal(OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter.java:178) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at com.jspxcms.core.support.CsrfFilter.doFilterInternal(CsrfFilter.java:25) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:130) at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.access$000(ErrorPageFilter.java:66) at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter$1.doFilterInternal(ErrorPageFilter.java:105) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:123) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:219) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:110) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:492) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:165) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:104) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:1025) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:452) at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1201) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:654) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketWithOptionsProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2468) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) Caused by: freemarker.template.TemplateNotFoundException: Template not found for name "1/zqweb/inc_js_body.html". The name was interpreted by this TemplateLoader: MultiTemplateLoader(loader1 = com.jspxcms.common.freemarker.AdapterTemplateLoader@4177d074, loader2 = ClassTemplateLoader(resourceLoaderClass=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer, basePackagePath="" /* relatively to resourceLoaderClass pkg */)). at freemarker.template.Configuration.getTemplate(Configuration.java:2797) at freemarker.core.Environment.getTemplateForInclusion(Environment.java:2540) at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:162) ... 130 more